CystitisCall the inflammation of the bladder.In most cases, this inflammation is caused by a bacterial infection and is a type of urinary tract infection (IMVP).The bladder infection can be very painful and exhausting and can also lead to more serious problems if it enters the ascending kidneys.
In rare cases, cystitis can be a reaction to certain drugs, radiotherapy or other stimuli: female hygiene spray, spermo -term gel or long -term use of urinary catheter.Cystitis can also be a complication of another disease.
Typically, bacterial cystitis requires the prescription of antibiotics.The treatment of other types of cystitis depends on their cause.
Symptoms and signs of cystitis
The symptoms of cystitis include:
Imperative (sudden and very strong) impulse to urinate
False urination
Burn during urination
Frequent urination, small urine
Blood in the urine (hematuria)
Muddy urine and/or urine with an acute unpleasant smell
Discomfort in the basin area
Pressure pressure in the lower abdomen
Subfebrea body temperature (from 37 to 38 degrees)
In young children, the sudden apparition of daily enaceresis (urinary incontinence) can also be a sign of urinary tract infection (IMVP).
When to see a doctor
Search immediately medical help if you have symptoms that are characteristic of kidney infection, in particular:
Back or side
Fever and chills
Nausea and vomiting
Frequent and painful urination, which lasts more than a few hours
Blood in the urine.
It is particularly important to consult a doctor if this is not the first episode of cystitis.
If you have just completed the course of treatment and the symptoms have already returned, consult a doctor immediately.
If your child has the daytime, call your pediatrician
The causes and risk factors of cystitis
The human urinary system consists of two kidneys, two ureters, bladder and urethra (urethra).
The main function of the urinary system is to eliminate slags from the body.The kidneys filter the blood, releasing primary and secondary urine from it;Secondary urine flows through the ureters in the bladder and accumulates there for several hours, after which the bladder is full, the person feels the impulse of urinating and empties the bladder through the urethra.
Bacterial cystitis
Orinate infections usually occur when bacteria from the outside penetrate the urinary tract through the urethra and begin to multiply there.Very often, cystitis is caused by bacteria by E. coli.
Bacterial cystitis can occur in women as a complication of sexual intercourse, especially often this happens after the first sexual relationship in a woman's life.But even sexually inactive girls and women are sensitive to infections of the lower urinary tract, because the women of the genitals are often obsessing bacteria that cause cystitis.
Non -infectious cystitis
Nebakteriatalnym cystitam includes:
Interstitial cystitis.The causes of this chronic bladder inflammation, also called painful bladder syndrome, are not yet clear.Most often it is in women.This disease can be difficult to identify and cure.
Pharmacological cystitis.Some drugs, chemotherapy drugs can cause cystitis, while they accumulate in the bladder and irritate the wall.
Cystitis from radiation.Treatment with radiation of the pelvic area can cause inflammatory changes in bladder fabrics.
Cystitis of a foreign body.Prolonged use of urinary catheter can increase the risk of bacterial infections and tissue damage;Both these factors can cause cystitis.
Chemical cystitis.Some people may have a greater sensitivity to chemicals contained in jacuzzi, female hygiene spray, spermicidnyh gel and other substances.Local chemical irritation or allergic inflammation: it causes typical cystitis symptoms.
Cystitis caused by other factors.Sometimes cystitis can occur as a complication of other diseases, such as diabetes, kidney stones, prostate hypertrophy or spinal cord injury.
Risk factors
Some people are more likely to develop recurring urinary tract infections than others.First of all, the risk factor is the female floor: a short urethra makes women more vulnerable before this disease.
Among the women, those who: who:
Sexually active.Sexual intercourse can lead to prolkivaniyu bacteria in the urethra.
Use some contraceptive means.Women who use diaphragms and other membranes impregnated with spermicidnym gel are more likely to suffer from cystitis.
Pregnancy.Hormonal changes during pregnancy can increase the risk of cystitis.
Located in menopause.Hormones changed in menopause women are often provocuyut imvp.
Other risk factors of cystitis in men and women include:
ORGIN OUT ORINE.It can be caused by a stone in the bladder or by an extended prostate (in men).
Changes in the immune system.Diabetes, HIV infection and cancer chemotherapy occur in diseases.The suppression of the immune system increases the risk of bacterial cystitis and, in some cases, viral.
Long -term use of the urinary catheter.The elderly and people with some diseases may need to use urinary catheter for a long time.This often leads to greater vulnerability before bacterial infections, as well as direct damage to the bladder tissues.
In men without predisposing factors - cystitis is rare.
Complications of cystitis
With a quick and adequate treatment, cystitis rarely leads to complications.However, with premature treatment, cystitis can cause more serious diseases.
The complications of cystitis include, first of all, the pyelonephritis (infectious kidney inflammation).An infection with an inflamed bladder can fall into the ascending kidneys, which, in turn, can cause pyelonefrite and even irreversible damage to the renal tissue (nephrosclerosis).
The first children and the elderly have the highest risk of kidney damage due to bladder infections, since the symptoms of the ITVP are often neglected or are erroneously taken by doctors for the symptoms of other diseases.
Preparation for a visit to a doctor
If you or your child, you have characteristic symptoms of cystitis, you should make an appointment with a doctor.First of all, you should be examined by a pediatrician, a therapist or a general doctor, and therefore, if he considers it necessary, you will be addressed to a urologist or a nephrologist.In anticipation of the reception time, you can make a list that reduces and optimizes the communication time with the doctor:
Notate your symptoms, including those that seem not related to cystitis
Make a list of all drugs, vitamins or food additives you accept
Write questions that you would like to ask your doctor
For example, you can ask a doctor:
What probably caused my illness?
Which additional exams do I have to pass?
What factors, in your opinion, have contributed to the development of cystitis?
What kind of therapeutic approach do you recommend?
If this course does not bring relief, what treatment do you recommend later?
What side effects can you expect from the prescribed treatment course?
What is the risk that this problem will be repeated?
What can I do to reduce the risk of recidivism?
Do I need a consultation of a restricted specialist, urologist or nephrologist?
Feel free to ask questions that arise with you during a conversation with a doctor.
Your doctor will probably ask you a series of questions, for example:
When did you notice these symptoms for the first time?
Have you been cared for for urinary tract infections?
How much do you live strong discomfort?
How often do you get?
After the urination, how long does it last?
Do you have a back pain?
Did you have a high temperature?
Have you noticed the exhaust from the vagina or blood in the urine?
Are you sexually active?
Do you use contraception creams?Which?
Are you not pregnant?
Take drugs, biological supplements or vitamins?Do you have any chronic diseases?
Have you ever used a urinary catheter?
Diagnosis of cystitis
In addition to questioning the symptoms and examination of physics, the doctor may recommend certain tests and tests, such as: for example:
General urine analysisThe test is used as a Skriningovy and as a diagnostic.In this analysis, the IMVP can be discussed increasing leukocytes, red blood cells and nitrite.
Urine analysis by sterility.If the bladder is suspected of infection, the doctor may prescribe the analysis of the urine for sterility, which will show the type of bacteria in the urine and their number.
General blood testThis analysis shows non -specific inflammatory changes in white blood cells and can indirectly indicate the presence and severity of the urinary tract (IMVP).
Cystoscopy.During this study, the doctor introduces a cystoscope: a thin tube with backlight and video camera, through the urethra in the bladder, and examines it from the inside to study structural anomalies and signs of inflammation.
When using a cystoscope, the doctor can also take a small sample of fabric (biopsy) from a suspicious place for laboratory analysis.However, cystoscopy is not shown to all patients with cystitis, but only to patients with recurring cystitis or nebakterialnym.
Visualisiruyushchie methods.These research methods are also requested by not all patients, but only for those who cannot find the cause of the impact of the IMVP in other ways.For example, the radiography of the panoramic abdomen or ultrasound of the retroperitoneal space can identify the structural anomalies of the bladder, ureters and kidneys.In some cases, a contrast is made before the X -ray, ascendant (cystography) or downhill (intravenous urography).
Cystitis treatment
The cystitis caused by a bacterial infection is generally treated with antibiotics.The treatment of non -infectious cystitis depends on its cause.
Treatment of bacterial cystitis
First line antibiotics are active drugs against the intestinal stick or those bacteria that have been found in the urine during sowing.
Primary infection.Symptoms usually improve considerably in the first days of treatment, but the doctor can insist on the continuous therapy from three to seven days, depending on the severity of the infection.
Repeated infection.If you have an IMVP relapse, the doctor may recommend a longer antibiotic treatment or to direct a doctor specialized in the treatment of urinary tract infections (urologist or nephrologist) to identify the cause of the impact.For some women with recurrent bacterial cystitices, a single dose of antibiotic can be useful after each sexual intercourse.
Infections no -docomial.Nosocomial bladder infections can be extremely difficult to treat, because the bacteria that cause them are often resistant to the main antibiotics used for the therapy of extracurricular infections of the bladder.Therefore, the doctor may prescribe several antibiotics simultaneously.
Treatment of interstitial cystitis
The reason for the development of interstitial cystitis remains uncertain, therefore there is no universal treatment regime suitable for all patients at the same time.The doctor can try the following treatment methods:
Prepared used orally or administered directly in the bladder.
Local procedures that relieve symptoms, such as bladder stretching, fill it with water or gas.
The excitement of the nerve with light electrical impulses (physiotization) to relieve pain in the pelvic area and, in some cases, reduce the frequency of urination
Treatment of other forms of non -infectious cystitis
First of all, it is necessary to eliminate the cause that causes non -infectious cystitis: jacuzzi, spermal cream, etc.
The treatment of cystitis, which develops as a complication of chemotherapy or radiotherapy, focuses on the suppression of pain (usually using painkillers) and washing to reduce contact with irritants in the bladder.
Life style and home remedies
Cystitis can be very painful, but there are simple domestic methods to greatly facilitate this discomfort:
Use heating.Place the heating on the lower abdomen, this will greatly lighten the pain and heaviness in the pelvis.
Do not allow dehydration.Drink many liquids.Avoid coffee, alcohol, soft drinks containing caffeine, citrus juices;As well as spicy foods - until cystitis symptoms are attenuated.These substances can irritate the bladder and aggravate the frequency and intensity of urination.
Make a sedentary bath.Subscribe the horse in hot water for 15-20 minutes, this greatly relieves pain and discomfort.
With recurrent imvp, your personal optimal tactics of the therapy and symptomatic treatment with the doctor is discussed.
Cystitis prevention
Blueberry juice or tablets containing Pro -Aantocianidine are often recommended to reduce the risk of recurring infections of the bladder of some women.However, recent studies show that these methods are not effective as previously designed.
You can still try to take the blueberry juice daily, but remember that it cannot be combined with Warfarin, since this combination can lead to bleeding.
The following simple rules can be useful for cystitis prevention:
Drink many liquids, especially water.This is particularly important if you get chemotherapy or radiotherapy.
Heat more often.If you feel the impulse to urinate, do not postpone a visit to the bathroom.
After defecation, dry the horse in front of the back.This prevents bacteria from the anal region in the vagina and urethra.
Take a shower, not a bathroom.If you are inclined to the Rididive of the Istp, if you waste the bathroom and you will take a shower, since the stagnant water in the bathroom can help penetrate the infection in the urethra.
Gently wash the skin around the vagina and the anus.Do it every day, but do not use irritating soaps and do not make energy efforts.On a delicate skin around these areas, irritation occurs easily.
Quite the bladder as soon as possible after sexual intercourse.Drink a glass of full water to go to the bathroom again.
Avoid the use of deodorants and aerosols, as well as other female cosmetics in the genital area.These substances can irritate the urethra and bladder.